Western Rhetoric
Beginnings in Sicily
The Greek Rhetoricians
The Sophists
Plato
Aristotle
Rhetoric Moves to Rome
Cicero
Quintilian
Rhetoric in the Middle Ages
English Rhetorics
Roots of Chinese Rhetorics
Mistakes of Sinologists
School of Mingjia
Confucius and Mencius
Laozi and Daoism
School of Mohism
Legalism and Han Feizi
Future of Chinese Rhetoric
Universal Principles of Rhetoric
2.The Characteristics of Public Speaking
Basic Concepts
Importance ofPublic Speaking
Mistaken Ideas about Speaking
Best Definition of Public Speaking
Stage Fright or Nervousness
Ethical Considerations
Telling the Truth
Have Respect for Your Listeners
Do Not Use Ethnocentric Language
Language
Be Prepared to Speak
Never Plagiarize
Make Sure That Your Ideas Are Sound
Components of Public Speaking
Speaker
Message
Audience
Channel
Feedback
Noise
Situation
3.Selecting a Topic and Research
Choosing a Topic
General and Specific Purposes
General Purpose
Specific Purpose
Research
Experts
Library
Periodicals
Newspapers
Encyclopedias
Dictionaries
Quotations
Biographies
Statistics
Atlases and Maps
Searching the Internet
Search Engines
News Web Sites
Government Web Sites
4.Audience Analysis
Characteristics of an Audience
Attitudes
Beliefs
Value Systems
Demographics of the Listeners
Age
Gender
Education
Income and Occupation
Religion
Attitudes
Group Affiliations
Situational Analysis
Size of the Audience
Place
Time
Occasion
Sample Speech
5.Organization
Parts of a Speech
General Principles
Cultural Considerations
Outlining
Parallel Construction
Primacy versus Recency
Balance
Specific Organizational Patterns
Chronological
Spatial Relations
Topical
Problem-Solution
Cause to Effect orEffect to Cause
Residues
Monroes Motivated Sequence
Transitions
Antecedent
Causality or Result
Comparison
Contrast
Cumulation
Emphasis
Equality
Place
Sequence of Speech Parts
Specific Instance
Summary
Temporal Relationship
6.Introductions and Conclusions
Purposes of the Introduction
Capturing the Attention of the Audience
Creating a Common Bond w ith the Audience
Relating the Topic to the Audience
Previewing the Message by Stating the Purpose and Forecasting the Organization of the Speech
Relating the Speaker to the Topic and Establishing Credibility
Sample Beginnings
Relate the Topic to Your Audience
Begin with a Startling Statement
Ask a Rhetorical Question
Begin with a Quotation
Begin with a Personal Reference
Begin with a Reference to a Historical Event
Begin with a Story
Refer to a Recent Event
Begin with Suspense
Refer to Previous Speakers
Begin with Statistics and Make a Claim
Refer to the Occasion
Use Humor
Purposes of the Conclusion
Summarizing the Main Points
Reemphasizing the Main Point in a Memorable Way
Providing Closure
Motivating the Audience
Sample Endings
Ask for a Specific Response
Offer a Utopian Vision
End with a Metaphor
Thank the Audience
7.Language and Style
Style
Differences Between Oral and Written Style
Figures and Tropes of Speech
Metaphor
Simile
Alliteration
Antithesis
Hyperbole
Oxymoron
Metonymy
Irony
Personification
Clarity
Vividness
Appropriate Language
Audience
Occasion
Topic
Inappropriate Language
Profanity
SexistLanguage
Derogatory Ethnic References Slang
Sample Speech
Analysis of Sample Speech
8.Delivery
Modes of Delivering a Speech
Speaking from Memory
Speaking with a Manuscript Extemporaneous Speaking
Impromptu Speaking
Voice
Volume
Rate Pitch
Artculation
Pronunciation
Fluency
Bodily Action
Eye Contact
Facial Expression
Posture
Gestures Movement
Physical Appearance
Use of Notes
Practice
9.Visual Aids
Functions of Visual Aids
To Make the Audience Understand the Topic Better
To Present More Material in the Speech
To Reinforce a Speakers Message
Types of Visual Aids
Three-dimensional Visual Aids
Real Objects Models
People
Two-dimensional Visual Aids
Photographs
Maps Graphs
Display Boards
Display Media
Slides
Overhead Projectors
Microsoft PowerPoint
Audiovisual Aids
Microphone Tape Recorder
Videotapes and Movies
CD-ROM
Digital Video Disks
Correct and Incorrect Ways of Using Visual Aids
Distributing Materials to the Audience Beginning the Speech with a Visual Aid Exposed
Giving the Audience Enough Time to Look at the VisualAid（s）
Blocking the Vision of the Audience Speaking to the Visual Aid
Having Information Overload on a Visual Aid
Using Too Many Visual Aids
Examining the Room Where You Will Speak
10.Speaking to Inform
Supporting Material
Facts
DefinitionsExamples
Extended Examples
Statistics
Analogies
TestimonyComparison and Contrast
Descriptions
Explanations
Visual Aids
Using Supporting Material Effectively
11.Speaking to Persuade
The Psychology of Persuasion
Appealing to Emotions Achievement
Altruism
Anger
Compassion
Conformity
Courage Excitement
Fear
Financial Gain
Guilt
Hope
Joy
Love and Affection
Pride and Patriotism
Revenge
Sadness
SafetySelf-esteem and Approval
Status
Source Credibility
Components of a Speakers Competence
Titles
Uniforms
Age
ExperienceReputation of the Speaker
Intelligence and Knowledge of the Subject Components of a Speakers Competence
Integrity and Trustworthiness Sincerity
Enthusiasm
Charisma
Sample Speech
12.Speaking for Special Occasions
Speeches of Introduction
A Speech of Welcome
Acceptance Speeches
Speeches of Tribute Sample Speech
Eulogies
Toasts
Press Conferences
Commencement Speeches
After-Dinner Speeches or Speeches to Entertain
Final Thoughts on Speaking in Public
本类其他相关图书
