S.Y.Lee
美国印第安纳大学教授、美国物理学会集束物理学分会（Divison of Physics of Beams）会员。长期从事加速器物理的教学和研究工作。研究工作包括集束冷却技术，集束的非线性动力学特征，同步辐射的自旋动力学，空间电荷对集束性能的影响，加速器设计原理，电子存储环的设计，集束不稳定的原因，自由电子激光器，集束的控制原理和技术，加速器的应用。多年来除了给本科生讲授加速器物理和辅导加速器实验之外，主要负责研究生的教学工作。
曾担任美国粒子加速器学院（The United States Particle Accelerator School）院长，美国物理学会集束分会经济委员会成员，物理学会提名委员会成员，粒子加速器理事会项目评估委员会成员。
出版著作有:Accelerator Physics、Spin Dynamics and Snakes in Synchrotrons，Space Charge Dominated Beams and Applications of High Brightness Beams，Beam Measurement等。
书摘
出版者的话
复旦大学出版社出版英文影印版《研究生教学参考书系》，主要基于以下几点考虑。
1. (新加坡)世界科技出版公司以出版科技专著闻名于世，同我社已有10多年的友好交往。从20世纪90年代以来，尤其是1995年该公司并购了伦敦帝国学院出版社（Imperial College Press）51%的股份（近年已经完成了100%的股份收购）之后，这两大出版机构在潘国驹教授的集中指挥下，充分发挥了编辑学术委员会的职能，使得出书范围不断拓宽，图书层次逐渐丰富，因此从中遴选影印图书的空间更大了，再加上该公司在上海设有办事机构，相关工作人员工作细致，服务周到，给两个单位的合作交流带来极大的便利。
2. 研究生教育是创新人才培养的关键，教材建设直接关系到研究生科学水平的根本。从2003年开始，我社陆续出版了Fudan Series in Graduate Textbooks这套丛书，国内的读者反响很好。但限于作者人力，这套丛书涵盖的学科和门类都严重不足。为此，我们想到再借助国外出版力量，引进一批图书作为硕士研究生的补充教材，（新加坡）世界科技出版公司与我社的合作，恰好提供了这样一个良好的机会。我们从该公司提供的近期书目中，遴选30多本样书，经过专家审读后，最终确定了其中的11种作为首批《研究生教学参考书系》影印出版。这11种图书的作者来自美、英、法、德、加拿大5个国家的10多所高校或研究部门，他们既是相关学科科研的领军人物，又是高年级本科生和研究生教学的杰出教授。各门教材既考虑到深入浅出的认知规律，又突出了前沿学科的具体应用，每本书都有充实的文献资料，有利于读者和研究人员深入探索。这其中6本教材配有习题，还包括一本具有物理背景的人员都需要了解的高级科普读物——《理解宇宙——从夸克到宇宙学》。
3. 为了有利于广大读者和图书管理人员、图书采购销售人员的使用，特请龚少明编审为每本影印书编写出中文内容介绍和作者概况，并由他将preface（序言）全文译成中文。序言是一本书的总纲，它涉及写作要旨、逻辑体系、内容特色和研读指导等等，我们将其译成中文至少有利于读者浏览和选购，避免买书仓促带来的失误，毕竟英语是多数读者的第二种语言。
4. 原版书价格较贵，大大超出读者的购买能力，即使图书馆或大学资料室也会受到经费不足的制约。出版影印本的书价大约只有原价的十分之一，无疑会给需要这些书的研究生和图书馆带来真正的实惠,这也是（新加坡）世界科技出版公司与我们合作的目的之一。
5. 考虑到物理类图书是（新加坡）世界科技出版公司的第一品牌，我们首次引进的11本书，都属大物理的范畴。这一尝试如果得到读者和专家认可，今后再陆续开辟其他学科的影印渠道。
欢迎读者批评指正，并提出有益的建议。
复旦大学出版社
2006年9月
Contents
Preface
Preface to the first edition
1 Introduction
I Historical Developments
I.1 Natural Accelerators
I.2 Electrostatic Accelerators
I.3 Induction Accelerators
I.4 Radio-Frequency (RF) Accelerators
I.5 Colliders and Storage Rings
I.6 Synchrotron Radiation Storage Rings
II Layout and Components of Accelerators
II.1 Acceleration Cavities
II.2 Accelerator Magnets
II.3 Other Important Components
III Accelerator Applications
III.1 High Energy and Nuclear Physics
III.2 Solid-State and Condensed-Matter Physics
III.3 Other Applications
Exercise
2 Transverse Motion
I Hamiltonian for Particle Motion in Accelerators
I.1 Hamiltonian in Frenet-Serret Coordinate System
I.2 Magnetic Field in Frenet-Serret Coordinate System
I.3 Equation of Betatron Motion
I.4 Particle Motion in Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets
Exercise
II Linear Betatron Motion
II.1 Transfer Matrix and Stability of Betatron Motion
II.2 Courant-Snyder Parametrization
II.3 Floquet Transformation
II.4 Action-Angle Variable and Floquet Transformation
II.5 Courant-Snyder Invariant and Emittance
II.6 Stability of Betatron Motion: A FODO Cell Example
II.7 Symplectic Condition
II.8 Effect of Space-Charge Force on Betatron Motion
Exercise
III Effect of Linear Magnet Imperfections
III.1 Closed-Orbit Distortion due to Dipole Field Errors
III.2 Extended Matrix Method for the Closed Orbit
III.3 Application of Dipole Field Error
III.4 Quadrupole Field (Gradient) Errors
III.5 Basic Beam Observation of Transverse Motion
III.6 Application of quadrupole field error
III.7 Transverse Spectra
III.8 Beam Injection and Extraction
III.9 Mechanisms of emittance dilution and diffusion
Exercise
IV Off-Momentum Orbit
IV.1 Dispersion Function
IV.2 Η-Function, Action, and Integral Representation
IV.3 Momentum Compaction Factor
IV.4 Dispersion Suppression and Dispersion Matching
IV.5 Achromat Transport Systems
IV.6 Transport Notation
IV.7 Experimental Measurements of Dispersion Function
IV.8 Transition Energy Manipulation
A. γT jump schemes
B. Flexible momentum compaction (FMC) lattices
C. Other similar FMC modules
D. FMC in double-bend (DB) lattices
IV.9 Minimum (Η) Modules
Exercise
V Chromatic Aberration
V.1 Chromaticity Measurement and Correction
V.2 Nonlinear Effects of Chromatic Sextupoles
V.3 Chromatic Aberration and Correction
V.4 Lattice Design Strategy
Exercise
VI Linear Coupling
VI.1 The Linear Coupling Hamiltonian
VI.2 Effects of an isolated Linear Coupling Resonance
VI.3 Experimental Measurement of Linear Coupling
VI.4 Linear Coupling Correction with Skew Quadrupoles
VI.5 Linear Coupling Using Transfer Matrix Formalism
Exercise
VII Nonlinear Resonances
VII.1 Nonlinear Resonances Driven by Sextupoles
VII.2 Higher-Order Resonances
VII.3 Nonlinear Detuning from Sextupoles
VII.4 Betatron Tunes and Nonlinear Resonances
Exercise
VIII Collective Instabilities and Landau Damping
VIII.1 Impedance
VIII.2 Transverse Wave Modes
VIII.3 Effect of Wakefield on Transverse Wave
VIII.4 Frequency Spread and Landau Damping
Exercise
IX Synchro-Betatron Hamiltonian
Exercise
3 Synchrotron Motion
I Longitudinal Equation of Motion
I .1 The Synchrotron Hamiltonian
I .2 The Synchrotron Mapping Equation
I .3 Evolution of Synchrotron Phase-Space Ellipse
I .4 Some Practical Examples
I .5 Summary of Synchrotron Equations of Motion
Exercise
II Adiabatic Synchrotron Motion
II.1 Fixed Points
II.2 Bucket Area
II.3 Small-Amplitude Oscillations and Bunch Area
II.4 Small-Amplitude Synchrotron Motion at the UFP
II.5 Synchrotron Motion for Large-Amplitude Particles
II.6 Experimental Tracking of Synchrotron Motion
Exercise
III RF Phase and Voltage Modulations
III.1 Normalized Phase-Space Coordinates
III.2 RF Phase Modulation and Parametric Resonances
III.3 Measurements of Synchrotron Phase Modulation
III.4 Effects of Dipole Field Modulation
III.5 RF Voltage Modulation
III.6 Measurement of RF Voltage Modulation
Exercise
IV Nonadiabatic and Nonlinear Synchrotron Motion
IV.1 Linear Synchrotron Motion Near Transition Energy
IV.2 Nonlinear Synchrotron Motion at γ≈γT
IV.3 Beam Manipulation Near Transition Energy
IV.4 Synchrotron Motion with Nonlinear Phase Slip Factor
IV.5 The QI Dynamical Systems
Exercise
V Beam Manipulation in Synchrotron Phase Space
V.1 RF Frequency Requirements
V.2 Capture and Acceleration of Proton and Ion Beams
V.3 Bunch Compression and Rotation
V.4 Debunching
V.5 Beam Stacking and Phase Displacement Acceleration
V.6 Double rf Systems
V.7 The Barrier RF Bucket
Exercise
VI Fundamentals of RF Systems
VI.1 Pillbox Cavity
VI.2 Low Frequency Coaxial Cavities
VI.3 Beam Loading
VI.4 Beam Loading Compensation and Robinson Instability
Exercise
VII Longitudinal Collective Instabilities
VII.1 Longitudinal Spectra
VII.2 Collective Microwave Instability in Coasting Beams
VII.3 Longitudinal Impedance
VII.4 Microwave Single Bunch Instability
Exercise
VIII Introduction to Linear Accelerators
VIII.1 Historical Milestones
VIII.2 Fundamental Properties of Accelerating Structures
A. Transit time factor
B. Shunt impedance
C. The quality factor Q
VIII.3 Particle Acceleration by EM Waves
A. EM waves in a cylindrical wave guide
B. Phase velocity and group velocity
C. TM modes in a cylindrical pillbox cavity
D. A1varez structure
E. Loaded wave guide chain and the space harmonics
F. Standing wave, traveling wave, and coupled cavity linacs
G. HOMs
VIII.4 Longitudinal Particle Dynamics in a Linac
VIII.5 Transverse Beam Dynamics in a Linac
Exercise
4 Physics of Electron Storage Rings
I Fields of a Moving Charged Particle
I.1 Non-relativistic Reduction
I.2 Radiation Field for Particles at Relativistic Velocities
I.3 Frequency and Angular Distribution
I.4 Quantum Fluctuation
Exercise
II Radiation Damping and Excitation
II.1 Damping of Synchrotron Motion
II.2 Damping of Betatron Motion
II.3 Damping Rate Adjustment
II.4 Radiation Excitation and Equilibrium Energy Spread
II.5 Radial Bunch Width and Distribution Function
II.6 Vertical Beam Width
II.7 Radiation Integrals
II.8 Beam Lifetime
Exercise
III Emittance in Electron Storage Rings
III.1 Emittance of Synchrotron Radiation Lattices
A. FODO cell lattice
B. Double-bend achromat (Chasman-Green lattice)
C. Minimum (Η)-function lattice
D. Minimizing emittance in a combined function DBA
E. Three-bend achromat
III.2 Insertion Devices
III.3 Beam Physics of High Brightness Storage Rings
Exercise
5 Special Topics in Beam Physics
I Free Electron Laser (FEL)
I.1 Small Signal Regime
I.2 Interaction of the Radiation Field with the Beam
I.3 Experiments on High Gain FEL Generation
Exercise
II Beam-Beam Interaction
II. 1 The beam-beam force
II.2 The Coherent Beam-Beam Effects
II.3 Nonlinear Beam-Beam Effects
II.4 Experimental Observations and Numerical Simulations
II.5 Beam-Beam Interaction in Linear Colliders
Exercise
A Basics of Classical Mechanics
I Hamiltonian Dynamics
I.1 Canonical Transformations
I.2 Fixed Points
I.3 Poisson Bracket
I.4 Liouville Theorem
I.5 Floquet Theorem
II Stochastic Beam Dynamics
II.1 Central Limit Theorem
II.2 Langevin Equation of Motion
II.3 Stochastic Integration Methods
II.4 Fokker-Planck Equation
B Numerical Methods and Physical Constants
I Fourier Transform
1.1 Nyquist Sampling Theorem
1.2 Discrete Fourier Transform
1.3 Digital Filtering
1.4 Some Simple Fourier Transforms
II Model Independent Analysis
II.1 Model Independent Analysis
II.2 Independent Component Analysis
II.3 Accelerator Modeling
III Cauchy Theorem and the Dispersion Relation
III.1 Cauchy Integral Formula
III.2 Dispersion Relation
IV Useful Handy Formulas
IV.1 Generating functions for the Bessel functions
IV.2 The Hankel transform
IV.3 The complex error function
IV.4 A multipole expansion formula
IV.5 Cylindrical Coordinates
IV.6 Gauss' and Stokes' theorems
IV.7 Vector Operation
V Maxwell's equations
V.1 Lorentz Transformation of EM fields
V.2 Cylindrical waveguides
V.3 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
VI Physical Properties and Constants
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