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符号与言谈：比较诗学的实践（Sign and Discourse: Dimensions of Comparative Poetics） |
作者： |
张汉良 著
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定价： |
98 元 |
页数： |
713页 |
ISBN： |
978-7-309-09354-4/I.732
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字数： |
697千字 |
开本： |
16
开 |
装帧： |
精装 |
出版日期： |
2013年6月
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本类其他相关图书 |
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内容提要
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Preface
This collection of essays produced during a span of nearly forty years has a title, Sign and Discourse, which may sound banal to readers familiar with contemporary critical theory. Banal as it may seem, the title can be misleading and therefore needs some clarification. First of all, there is an inherent, necessary and reciprocal relationship between “sign” and “discourse”: Discourse has to be encoded in the linguistic sign before its enunciation, and sign can perform its signifying and communicating functions only through discourse, that is, when language is put in social use. Accordingly, one has to concur with émile Benveniste’s highly idiosyncratic usage that “semiotics” is embedded in “semantics” — a noble attempt at reinstating the historicity of language users’ interaction (Benveniste 1974: 64). As he puts it, “With the semantic, we enter into the specific mode of meaning which is generated by discourse” (“Avec le sémantique, nous entrons dans le mode spécifique de signifiance qui est engendré par le DISCOURS.”) (1974: 64; 1981: 19). But at the same time, he points out the two domains’ dialectic relationship. “Semiotics (the sign) must be recognized; semantics (the discourse) must be understood.” (“Le sémiotique [le signe] doit être RECONNU; le sémantique [le discours] doit être COMPRIS.”) (1974: 64 — 65; 1981: 20). However, the two orders of language in-put do not represent two disciplines, but follow temporality and causality. One recognizes sign, in the Saussurian sense of word (moneme) as its elementary form, based on acquired rather than innate language competence, and the signification process of signs (or semiosis) gives rise to sentence and discourse in an infinite generative process. The difference, then, is not that between semiotics and semantics, but between the cognition of individual signs and the cognition of semiosis in discourse.
Nevertheless, one could argue that, where social use is concerned, there is little difference between semantics and pragmatics, and for that matter, semiotics. Only in this sense can sign be conceived of as discourse and, in other words, semiosis as a life process. One is reminded of Saussure’s announcement of semiology as the “studies of signs and their life in human societies” (“études des signes et de leur vie dans les sociéties humaines”) (Saussure 1967: 48; Saussure 1993:71 and 7la), or as a conceivable science which deals with “the life of signs at the heart of social life” (“la vie de signes au sein de la vie sociale”) (Saussure 1931: 33.). The minor difference in wording, as one surely remembers, resulted from his students’ note-taking, which was reflective of at least three lives, of the master lecturing and the two pupils listening and recording.
The communication or “autocommunication” (pace Lotman 2001) circuit of lecturing, listening and writing in various institutions of higher learning in Greater China, North America and Europe thus summarizes a life of signs as apologia pro vita mea. Therefore, the volume is in every sense autobiographical; it toys with the notion of realizing “self” or “life” through “writing”.
Having said this, I am aware, as chapter 19 suggests, that there cannot be a life (bio) of self (auto) made available through writing (graphein). All the three entities that constitute the genre of autobiography, in name as well as in substance, are ephemeral whilst entering into an intricate semiotic web of relationships. If I may be allowed to stretch a bit farther the figure of corpus as life and book, the division of the book into five “thematic” parts is tantamount to five chapters of a floating life, at once adhering to and defying chronology. Finally, as the essays were delivered and published in different times and places, there cannot be a unity in format. I have chosen to let them stay in their original forms. This explains the inconsistency in spelling (e.g., Americanism and Anglicism), transliteration (e.g.,Wade-Giles and Hanyu pinyin), and style sheet (e.g., MLA and APA), amongst other formalistic and rhetorical infelicities.
The publication of my life corpus has been made possible by the encouragement and kind guidance of Professor Chen Sihe 陈思和 of Fudan University and the Editorial Staff of Fudan University Press, led by Mr. He Shengsui 贺圣遂. I owe both of them a profound debt of gratitude. Dr. Hu Chunli 胡春丽 has shouldered up the heavy burden of editing this technically-difficult book; she commands my highest respect. The publication is funded by Fudan University’s 985 Research Project, the Third Term, Category of Humanities, No. 2011RWXKZD031.
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作者简介 |
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书摘 |
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I Ancient and Early Modern Sign Systems Studies
Chapter 1 The Rise of Chinese Literary Theory: Intertextuality and System Mutations in Classical Texts
Chapter 2 Controversy over Language: Towards Pre-Qin Semiotics
Chapter 3 The Paradox of Learning and the Elenchos: Plato’s Meno, Augustine’s De Magistro, and Gongsun Long’s Jianbailun (On Hardness and Whiteness)
Chapter 4 Controvert the Dead: Sextus Empiricus and Plutarch against the Stoics
Chapter 5 Between Nature and Culture: A Glimpse of the Biosemiotic World in Fourth Century BCE Chinese Philosophy
Chapter 6 Intersubjectivity in Controversy: A Story from the Taoist Philosopher Zhuangzi
Chapter 7 Plato and Peirce on Likeness and Semblance
Chapter 8 Persuasion in the Pre-Qin China: The Great Debate Revisited
Chapter 9 The Rise of Semiotics and the Liberal Arts: Reading Martianus Capella’s The Marriage of
Philology and Mercury
Chapter 10 The Theorist as Visionary: Logocentrism in “Medieval” Chinese and European Critical
Discourse
Part II Reflections on Chinese Writing System
Chapter 11 Semiographics: A Peircian Approach to Chinese Script
Chapter 12 Naming Animals in Chinese Writing
Chapter 13 Ancient Chinese Concept of fa (Law) and Its Orthographical Representations
Chapter 14 Hallucinating the Other: Derridean Fantasies of Chinese Script
Chapter 15 The Legacy of Josef Vachek and Its Implications in the Studies of Chinese Script
Chapter 16 Graphemics and Novel Interpretation: The Case of Wang Wen-hsing
Part III Genre Studies
Chapter 17 Towards a Structural Generic Theory of Tang Stories
Chapter 18 The Yang Lin Story Series: A Structural Analysis
Chapter 19 The Anonymous Autobiographer: Roland Barthes / Shen Fu
Chapter 20 A Lover’s Discourse versus Story: Su Man-Shu’s “The Broken Hairpin”
Chapter 21 Mental Space Mapping in Classical Chinese Poetry: A Cognitive Approach
Chapter 22 Calendar and Aphorism: A Generic Study of Carl Linnaeus’s Fundamenta Botanica and
Philosophia Botanica
Chapter 23 Mimetic Desire / Dramatic Structure: Racine’s Phaedra and Ma Chih-yüan’s
(Ma Zhiyuan) Han-kung ch’iu (Hangongqiu)
Chapter 24 Literary London: An Essay
Part IV Influence or Reception
Chapter 25 On the “Birth” of Historiography of Philosophy in China
Chapter 26 Hu Shih and John Dewey: “Scientific Method” in the May Fourth Era — China 1919 and After
Chapter 27 Reflections on Cross-cultural Literary Contact: The Reception of American Critical Theory in
Taiwan in the 1970s
Chapter 28 Western Theory as “Colonial Discourse” Or, (One More Time!) The Permanent Crisis of
Comparative Literature
Chapter 29 Perspective and Tertium Comparationis: The Case of Asian Literature
Chapter 30 Image / Mirage of the Other: Contemporary Taiwanese Poets’ Reception of French Surrealism
Part V Nature / Culture Writing and Recent Advances in Sign Studies
Chapter 31 Peirce and Cassirer on Deictics and “Pronominal” Communication
Chapter 32 Encoding the Textual Sign in Natural History versus Natural System: The Case of Darwin
and Linnaeus
Chapter 33 Is Jakob von Uexküll, the Founding Father of Biosemiotics, a Semiotician or Hermeneutician
Chapter 34 Is Language a Primary Modeling System On Juri Lotman’s Concept of Semiosphere
Chapter 35 Semioticians Make Strange Bedfellows, Or, Once Again: “Is Language a Primary Modeling
System ”
Chapter 36 Notes towards a Semiotics of Parasitism
Chapter 37 Disaster Semiotics: An Alternative “Global Semiotics”
Index
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