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亚洲的智慧：区域一体化和可持续发展的探索 |
作者： |
袁堂军 张怡 主编
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定价： |
40 元 |
页数： |
312页 |
ISBN： |
978-7-309-10562-9/F.2036
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字数： |
323千字 |
开本： |
16
开 |
装帧： |
平装 |
出版日期： |
2014年5月
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本类其他相关图书 |
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内容提要
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Preface
2013 is a challenging year not only for the world economy but also for the Asian and the Chinese economy. After 2008, the trend of the global economy has been changed. The Americaled TPP negotiation and the new reforms in China have just started, whereas the recovery of the Europe has been slow or remained doubtful. The U.S. economy has started to recover after several rounds of QEs, while the emerging economies such as the BRICs are not doing well in the wake of the change of the global economic division. Reviewing the changes of economy and politics in Asia this year, we find that although the geopolitical friction has almost reached the most intense level after the World War II, the pace of the economic integration in this area has been continuing, which has influenced and enhanced the change of the global economic division. Especially in the recent years, while WTO negotiations seemed to have stalled, bilateral free trade negotiations became the main stream. Now, there are more than 350 FTAs that have been implemented around the world. Although China has signed more than 10 FTA agreements with various countries, its main trading partners such as the U.S., Japan and Korea have not yet entered any agreements with China. Japans recent announcement of joining TPP has indeed made China feel to be marginalized.
While there are both economic and political reasons to explain the fast development of FTA, the most important two factors are the stagnation of WTO negotiation and the rapid evolving of the global value chain due to the deepening global economic division. For the first reason, with the fast growth of international trade and direct investment, thanks for the participation of the large emerging economies such as the BRICs, the way to reaching free trade has been changing. Now, the key issue is how to reduce the nontariff obstacles barriers rather than tariff barriers. Obviously, with the active role of developing countries such as China, it becomes difficult for the Doha Development Agenda to satisfy the interests of all parties, which inevitably stalled the trade negotiation. As for the second reason, with the development of the global value chain which is multinational company centric, apart from trade policy, issues like investment laws, intellectual property protection law, fair competition, subsidies, labor policy and infrastructure supply, all have become more important. In order to bypass the difficulties or break the stagnation, WTO members are exploring ways to reach their goals without the Doha Development Agenda. After entering the new century, especially after the global financial crisis in 2008, FTA has become a hot choice, more and more countries want to boost their domestic economy by establishing FTA and hence promoting economic integration under that umbrella.
The area integration has two types. One is production networkcentric which is called de facto economic integration, and the other is government agreementcentric which is called de Jure economic integration. In the former situation, the trade of intermediate goods such as components and raw materials increase a lot. Both interindustry and intraindustry trade have increased through the further divisions in manufacturing process between China, Japan and Korea. The formation of the manufacturing network between the three countries was initially based on Chinas opening up and then benefited from economic globalization in the 1990s. Through the development of the network China has gradually integrated with the global value and manufacturing chains. The reduction of transportation and telecommunication costs, and the increase in modular production have lowered the transaction cost and boosted the international integration of manufacturing. In such a process, large companies, especially multinational corporations have made a significant contribution to the development of the global network. Driven by profit maximization, they have played an indispensable role in allocating resources between countries and building up logistic systems through trade and FDI. The global financial crisis in 2008 has shown that countries have closely integrated in the global value chain. Therefore, cooperation is the only way to benefit all parties. It is therefore reasonable for us to expect the implementation of FTA to further enhance the economic integration. It is fundamental for a sustainable growth in Asia, especially for China.
However, because of some noneconomic reasons in Asia, FTA and EPA have been crippled because economic integration has been going ahead of institutional integration. This situation is however both challenging and opportunistic for Asia and China. In general, in the areas where economic integration has been achieved, the agreement of free trade is subject to the existing net work of production. In other words, the development of Asian FTA has to be in line with the interests of multinational companies operating in the area. From the economic point of view, this facilitates the development of FTA and hences an opportunity for China to open wider and deeper. But one thing we need to know is that selfinterestsmaximizing multinational companies do not always satisfy the interests of local countries. To overcome institutional obstacles, higher level cooperation of each party is necessary.
Until now, the objective of China's FTA is to expand economic scale and secure resources. Both political and economic strategies have been used in diplomacy. However, China has not clearly set up its objectives from the view point of the global production and value chains. It is sure that the countries, such as the US, Japan, Korea, ASEAN, who have involved in GVCs, will not give up the chance to corporate with China in FTA. So China should precisely evaluate its current status and future trend in the global value chains, and based on different factor endowments, economic division and the stage of development of the countries involved develop various types of FTA. In doing so, not only can China further develop foreign trade and direct investment, but it will also be able to gain more time for institutional reform which is an important condition for China to join TPP. When implementing FTA, the interaction between China's FTA and the global production and value chains should always be considered.
Asian countries are different in culture, institution and the model of economic development. Therefore, an integration of such multicultural and multiinstitutional region requires a good collaboration of all countries involved. In 2013 Shanghai Forum, under the general theme of “Asia's Wisdom: Seeking Harmonious Development in Diversity”, more than 500 leaders and experts from government, business and academia discuss and debate on issues in politics, finance, law, urban development, social development, environment and energy, and provide insights and suggestions for the development of Asia. The consensus that “the 21st century is the Asian Century” is not just a slogan, but a trend. Integration and corporation are the two keys to achieving healthy and sustainable development in this region. As the most dynamic area in today's world, Asia should use its unique wisdom to resist shocks and reduce risks, hence contributing more to the global development in economy, finance and trade. The key to a harmonious world with a great diversity in many aspects is the peaceful share of economic development.
The forum selects the papers focusing on the following topics: “After the Asian Miracle: Problems, Challenges and Choices”; “Global Economic Recovery without Asset Security”; “The Integration of Regional Economy in Asia: Target, Path and Policy”; “Asia's Wisdom: Approaches to Disputes”; “Asian Legal Wisdom: Diversity and Unification”; “Global Governance and Asia's Wisdom”; “Innovationdriven Urban Development in Asia”; “How to Assure Health for 4 Billion People in Asia?”; “Emerging Asian Renewable Energy: from New Technology and New Industry to a New Market”; “Climate Change and Environmental Protection: the Focus of Human Attention”. These papers are the results of the intellectual efforts of the authors. They provide valuable views and suggestions from historical and international perspectives as well as interesting case studies. Due to limited space, we are only able to select some of them in both Chinese and English proceedings. We hope that the proceedings will encourage more debate in searching for a better development of Asia.
Tangjun Yuan
March 2014
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作者简介 |
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书摘 |
Contents
CHAPTER 1 “AsiaPacific Security in the Age of Interdependent Survival: Need for a New Paradigm” Kirill Barsky
CHAPTER 2 The Western Philosophy of Exploiting the Earths Limited Resources in Comparison with Asia's Wisdom Bernd Schünemann
CHAPTER 3 Addressing Territorial Disputes — the Asian Way Maj Gen Dipankar Banerjee (Retd)
CHAPTER 4 FIT or RPS? Which One Shall We Adopt to Deploy Renewable Energy King Min WANG
CHAPTER 5 PACL: An Endeavour of Regional Harmonization of Contract Law in East Asia Shiyuan Han
CHAPTER 6 Asian Contract Law and Its Legal Principles: Freedom of Contract vs. Social Justice Tae Yong AHN
CHAPTER 7 Beijing, Hong Kong and Shanghai in Asia and the world Peter J Taylor
CHAPTER 8 Regional Trade Agreements and USChina Trade Relations Jeffrey J. Schott
CHAPTER 9 ON NORMATIVE DUALISM
— Some Preliminary Thoughts on Chinese Approaches to Order and Disputes Yu Xingzhong
CHAPTER 10 How Labor Market Developments Affected Labor Costs in China? Wenlang Zhang and Gaofeng Han
CHAPTER 11 Constructing PeaceOriented Power in Chinese Diplomacy Wu Xinbo
CHAPTER 12 Optimal Path for Controlling CO2 Emissions in China: A Centralized DEA Approach P. Zhou, Z.R. Sun, D.Q. Zhou
CHAPTER 13 PakistanIndia Issues: New Thinking and Approach Riaz Mohammad Khan
CHAPTER 14 DCFR and Revise of the Civil Code Korea
— Preface to “Interpretation and Comments of DCFR” Young June Lee
CHAPTER 15 Long-term Relationship between the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Yellow Sea Herring (Clupea Pallasi) and Climate Variability Since the 15th Century Li Yushang, Chen Liang, ＆ Che Qun
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